Fluid-reactive device



March 1, 1932. 'J. z. A. DENINSON' 1,847,866

FLUID REACTIVE DEVICE Filed Nov. 5, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet l fig-4, H1671. HGTZ IN VEN TOR.

OQZQ- W 4 BY WWW l um/ ATTORNEYS.

March 1932- J. z. A. DENlN-SON FLUID REAQTIVE DEVICE 2 Sheets-Shet 2 Filed Nov. 5, 1929 NVflTO w I BY ATTORNEYS atented Mar. 1, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 310032. A. DENINSON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF ONE-FIFTH TO THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY, OF JERUSALEM, PALESTINE FLUID-REACTIVE DEVICE Application filed November 5, 1929. Serial No. 405,020.

My invention relates to a new and improved fiuid-reactive device.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a device which can react with either a gas or liquid in order to produce relative motion and suitable variations in pressure between the device, and the liquid or gaseous medium in which it is located.

Another object of my invention is to provide a device which can be utilized as an aeroplane supporting or propelling wing, as a propeller blade, or as a mixing or agitating device for mixing or agitating liquids. The device is also useful in agitating finely divided solids. I

Another object of my invention is to provide a device of this character which Wlll cause directed local eddies or currents, when it is moved in and relatively to a liquid or gas, or finely divided solids.

Another object of myinvention is to provide a device which shall produce suitably directed localfeddies or currents in the air, when the device and the air have a relative movement, and when the device is used vas an aeroplane supporting or propelling wing, or as a propeller blade.

Another object of my invention is to provide a device of this type having laterally located zones which are offset with respect to the body of the device, so as to set up revolving and longitudinally directed air currents in said ofl'set zones, when there is relative movement between the device and a gas, or a liquid or finely divided solids. It is understood that the device is located in the medium between which, and the device, there is relative movement.

Another object of my invention is to provide a device used as a sustaining or propelling wing for anaeroplane, in which revolving air currents are caused to pass through longitudinally directed offset zones.

Another object of my invention is to produce a device which shall have superior lifting power and stability when it is used as a supporting aeroplane wing.

Other objects of my invention will be set 4 forth in the following description and drawings which illustrate a preferred embodiment Fig. 5 is a sectional view along the line 5-5 of Fig. 2.

Figs. 5a and 5b are views similar to Fig. 5, but showing modifications.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line6-6 of Fig. l, and illustrating the local longitudinally directed revolving air cur-- rents which are produced.

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic perspective view illustrating the formation of the revolving and longitudinally directed air currents.

Heretofore, aeroplane wings have been provided with bottom and top surfaces of substantially continuous curvature, so that the air was downwardly deflected by the bottom surface to produce an increased pressure,

and the air passing over the top surface produced a relative vacuum. The lifting power of such devices is relatively low, and they have little or no inherent stability.

My invention is illustrated in connection with an element B which in this instance is a propeller blade, it being understood that said element can be used for constructing an aeroplane wing, a mixing device, etc. The ele ment B is connected to a mount 16. The element B is provided with a front or entering edge 2, and with a rear edge 3. Reinforcing ribs 4are provided at the front edge 2, in order to strengthen said front edge and to also increase the stability of the device if it is used as a supporting element. As shown in Fig. 5, the ribs 4 are preferably located on the upper surface of the element, it being assumed for convenience of description, that said element is being held in and is being rotated in a horizontal plane, although of course said plane can be varied without departing from the invention.

The element B has lateral offset zones of varying width. In this embodiment, said zones comprise and are defined by surfaces A which make relatively sharp angles with each other. Referring to Fig. 4, it can be seen that the outer tip of the device has a front edge surface which is inclined to the lateral axis of the device. The inner tip portion of the device has a front edge portion which consists essentially of a pocket. Hence one part of the front edge portion of the device -has a front edge portion consisting of a recess or pocket, and the other part of the front edge consists of a deflecting wall. The

. pocket which forms the front edge of a part of the device has a greater angle than the succeeding zone or pocket. However, offset zones of any internal shape or curvature could be utilized. Said offset zones may be located on the top and bottom surfaces of the element. If the element is bent as shown herein, then such zones or pockets are pro duced at the top surface and at the bottom surface. The operative zones thus produced are generally defined by the contour lines C. The central longitudinal line L of the element B indicates the general direction and location of said contour lines G. Some of the contour lines C have been omitted in Fig. 24in order to avoid too much confusing de- As clearly shown in Fig. 1, the offset zones formed by the surfaces A are of varying width. The number of said offset zones increases at the outer end or top of the element.

In the next series of offset zones, three are provided on the bottom surface, and four are provided on the top surface.

The element can be made of any suitable material such as metal which can be suitably stamped into shape. I do not wish to be limited to any specific materiahor to any particular number of zones, or to any particular combination of zones. Likewise, the tip of the element could be made of linen or any other light fabric, while the other or inner end of the element could be made of metal or other rigid material.

It will be noted that the inclination of the element adjacent the front edge 2 thereof,

' varies from the inner end to the tip thereof.

For example, and as shown in Fig. 4, the front surface of the element is slightly downwardly directed at the lines corresponding to the first two series; that is, the first two series adjacent the inner end of the element.

This front edge is substantially horizontal along the lines indicated by the next two series, and it then has a relatively sharp downward deflection.

The action of the device is dia rammatically shown in Figs. 6 and 7. In ig. 6, it is assumed that the arrowslO indicate the direction of movement of an air current. The element B is held so that the air current passes over a front surface which is substantially horizontal, and it then strikes a deflection surface which is substantially vertically. The upwardly deflected air flows towards the rear of the element with considerable velocity. It passes over the offset zones whichextend below the top surface of the element. The lateral contour lines which may be assumed to laterally outline the top of these offset zones, correspond to the ordinary shape of the top of a wing of the present commercial type.

As the air current passes over the ofiset zones or pockets, it causes he bodies of air located in said pockets to turn with considerable velocity. The depth of an offset pocket is preferably greatest at the inner end of the element. Hence the turning movement of the body of air in said pocket, together with the differential effect produced by the movement of the main air current over said pockets, causing the revolving bodies of air to move longitudinally.

The currents of air thus produced are indicated by 15. The air currents tend to move towards those portions of their respective pockets which have the greatest effective cross-section. Hence longitudinal air currents of spiral form are produced, having high velocity, so that a vacuum is produced in said pockets extending from the top of the element.

The longitudinal air currents thus produced enter at the narrow ends of the pockets and pass out of the wide ends thereof.

The same effect is produced in the offset 110 pockets which extend from the lower surface of the element, save that a pressure is produced in the last mentioned pockets. The contour lines which define and are lateral to the edges of the pockets communicating with 115 the lower surface of the element, also'preferably correspond to the lateral contour lines of g a wing of the ordinary commercial type.

The position shown in Fig. 6 is for starting, or for low speed. At high speed, the element is turned in the clockwise direction from the position shown in Fig. 6 around the central axis of the mount. The air current then passes directly over surface 17, without first moving in a substantially horizontal direc- 125 tion over surface 18. A revolving longitudinally moving air current is then produced in the pocket defined by surfaces 17 and 18, thus substantially diminishing the head resistance of the element.

If desired, air or any other gas or vapor, under suitable pressure or suction, could be caused to pass through a tube or tubes P, in order to produce a high velocity air current similar to that previously described. For this purpose, the walls ofthe tube can have theusualbladesor vanes, to impart the necessary turning movement to said air current. The tube or tubes directly and positively produce a longitudinal movement of the air. This secondary longitudinal movement of the air is produced independently of the main relative movement, by means of the tube or tubes P. c

When a revolving air current having high longitudinal velocity, is thus produced in an offset zone or zones, the rapid turning movement of each air current produces a lateral flow of air across the wing, thusproducing the same effect as if the wing and the air had high relative velocity. This effect can be 1 utilized to facilitate ascent or descent at a high angle. v

When the plane is moving at high speed, the relative movement between the wing and the air produces a relatively high vacuum in the top ofiset zones. By injecting air at this point into said top zones, or -aspirating air from the bottom zones, the lifting force of the wing can be decreased substantially, so that the aeroplane will descend rapidly.

The portions ofthe wing corresponding to the change in contour along the contour hnes can be smooth .or rough, sharp or rounded. The advantage of making the surface of the wing rough along a contour line, or at the edge of the wing, is to cause the air current to tend ,to closely follow the changing contour of the wing.

The offset pockets could be formed by placing frames of suitable shape on the top and bottom surfaces of a base having a uniform surface contour.

As shown in Figs. 5a and5b, rounded edges may be provided at the point where the direction of the air movement is changed, to minimize any loss in velocity.

is located, which consists in causinga main movement, said movement of the material 1 along the second direction being produced independently of the main relative movement.

4. A method of causing a device to react with a mass of material in which said device is located, which consists in causing a main relative movement between said device and said material across the front edge and the rear edge of said device, and also directly and positively producing another movement of said material along a second direction which is inclined to the direction of said main movement, and also causing said material to revolve which it is moving in said second direction, the movement of said material along the second direction being produced independently of the main relative movement.

5. A device of the kind described having a plurality of offset zones in each of its oppo site surfaces, the lateral contour lines of said zones being substantially straight lines, said device having a front edge portion which has the shape of a pocket, said pocket having a greater angle than the laterally succeeding zone.

6. A device of the kind described having a front edge portion, one part of said front edge portion consisting of a pocket, another part of said front edge portion consisting of a wall which is inclined to the lateral axis of the device.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

JACOB Z. A. .DENINSON.

The device could be employed in a rudder construction.

, I claim:

1'. A device of the kind described having a plurality of lateral offset zones at different points thereof, the zones adjacent theinner end of the device being deeper than those adjacent the tip of the device.

2. A device of'the kind described having a I plurality of lateral offset zones at different points thereof, the zones adjacent "the inner end of the device being deeper than those adjacent the tip of the device, the zones adjacent the tip of the device being greater in number than those adjacent the inner end of the device.

with a mass of material in which said device 

